All Key Research Areas

AI-based Clinical Decision Support Systems 

Our goal is to identify the safest and most effective ways to integrate these models into existing clinical processes, thereby minimizing administrative burdens and enabling more focused patient care. 

Overview

Building on our foundational work in LLM safety and benchmarking, we are spearheading the development of AI-driven Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSSs) designed to ease the workload on physicians and improve patient care. Our goal is to identify the safest and most effective ways to integrate these models into existing clinical processes, thereby minimizing administrative burdens and enabling more focused patient care. Recognizing the strict limitations imposed by HIPAA and related privacy regulations, our team relies on a combination of anonymized and synthetic datasets for initial testing and validation. This approach allows us to thoroughly evaluate system efficacy and security without risking patient confidentiality. 

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Focus

A major focus of our research involves creating and refining diverse clinical scenarios—from intraoperative guidance to real-time problem resolution and evidence-based treatment planning—that challenge our models to handle incomplete or ambiguous patient data. By ensuring that these systems refrain from offering definitive answers when pertinent information is unavailable, we reduce the risk of misdiagnosis or improper treatment recommendations. This careful handling of uncertainty, coupled with robust explainability features, is key to fostering the trust of medical professionals and encouraging widespread model adoption. 

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Testing

To gauge the real-world utility of our AI-CDSS, we conduct extensive testing of workflow integration, evaluating how effectively these models deliver timely, context-relevant information at the point of care. Our performance metrics extend beyond simple accuracy or precision: we collect both quantitative and qualitative data, including expert evaluations, user satisfaction surveys, and direct clinician feedback. Through this rigorous, evidence-based approach, we strive to establish a new standard for CDSS design and implementation—one that not only accelerates clinical decision-making but also strengthens physician-patient relationships, optimizes resource allocation, and upholds the highest ethical and professional standards in modern medicine. 

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Representative Studies: 

Borna S, Gomez-Cabello CA, Pressman SM, Haider SA, Forte AJ. Comparative Analysis of Large Language Models in Emergency Plastic Surgery Decision-Making: The Role of Physical Exam Data. J Pers Med. 2024 Jun 8;14(6):612. doi: 10.3390/jpm14060612 

Gomez-Cabello CA, Borna S, Pressman SM, Haider SA, Forte AJ. Large Language Models for Intraoperative Decision Support in Plastic Surgery: A Comparison between ChatGPT-4 and Gemini. Medicina (Kaunas). 2024 Jun 8;60(6):957. doi: 10.3390/medicina60060957 

Gomez-Cabello CA, Borna S, Pressman S, Haider SA, Haider CR, Forte AJ. Artificial-Intelligence-Based Clinical Decision Support Systems in Primary Care: A Scoping Review of Current Clinical Implementations. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education. 2024; 14(3):685-698. https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14030045 

Haider SA, Pressman SM, Borna S, Gomez-Cabello CA, Sehgal A, Leibovich BC, Forte AJ. Evaluating Large Language Model (LLM) Performance on Established Breast Classification Systems. Diagnostics (Basel). 2024 Jul 11;14(14):1491. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics14141491. 

Genovese A, Prabha S, Borna S, Gomez-Cabello CA, Haider SA, Trabilsy M, Tao C, Forte AJ. From Data to Decisions: Leveraging Retrieval-Augmented Generation to Balance Citation Bias in Burn Management Literature. Eur Burn J. 2025 Jun 2;6(2):28. doi: 10.3390/ebj6020028. 

Prabha S, Gomez-Cabello CA, Haider SA, Genovese A, Trabilsy M, Wood NG, Bagaria S, Tao C, Forte AJ. Enhancing Clinical Decision Support with Adaptive Iterative Self-Query Retrieval for Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Models. Bioengineering (Basel). 2025 Aug 21;12(8):895. doi: 10.3390/bioengineering12080895.

Gomez-Cabello CA, Prabha S, Haider SA, Genovese A, Collaco BG, Wood NG, Bagaria S, Forte AJ. Comparative Evaluation of Advanced Chunking for Retrieval-Augmented Generation in Large Language Models for Clinical Decision Support. Bioengineering (Basel). 2025 Nov 1;12(11):1194. doi: 10.3390/bioengineering12111194.

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